Take the Mystery Out of Applying to Grad School

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Gel - Definition

Definition: A gel is a sol in which the solid particles are meshed such that a rigid or semi-rigid mixture results. Examples: Fruit jelly is an example of a gel. Cooked and cooled gelatin is another example of a gel. The protein molecules of gelatin crosslink to form a soid mesh which contains pockets of liquid.

Copyright Law - 844 Words

Copyright and Copywrong This essay will first examine how copyright law has attempted to be strengthened in New Zealand, and whether that has succeeded in preventing piracy. Next, how New Zealand’s current copyright law stifles creativity will be examined, with comparison to the United States jurisdiction. Lastly, the benefits of reform regarding ‘fair use’ will be discussed. Due to word constraints, examples of creativity will be limited to parody within Pop Art. Recent copyright reforms in New Zealand suggest a shift towards strengthening copyright protection, favoured by copyright holders. For example, a ‘three strikes’ regime acts against internet account holders who either upload or download copyrighted content. Prosecution has†¦show more content†¦However, as technologies that foster copying have developed, as have Art movements that rely on parody. The prime example is Pop Art which recontextualises existing works and items to comment on society. This plays a key role in the digital age by allowing creative expression through ‘original’ work. For example, pop artist Jeff Koons appropriated Silk Sandals, a magazine photograph of shoes, in his painting Niagara, depicting numerous consumer goods. When sued for copyright infringement, the Court accepted ‘fair use’ under its Copyright Act 1976, that Niagara was a criticism of consumerist desires and the bombardment of advertising. This was co nsidered a ‘transformative’ use of the original photograph to create new creative objectives and insights. Interestingly, this suggests that copyright is protecting the idea of the work, as well as expression. If the same case occurred in New Zealand, copyright would be infringed as Niagara reproduces Silk Sandals substantially. Arguably, fair dealing for criticism might apply. Yet, this is untenable as an incredibly high threshold of criticism would need to be shown. Thus, New Zealand’s copyright law regarding use is restricted for failure to align with technological changes. Society values remixed innovation in parodies such as Pop Art. The law must be able to recognise this. New Zealand may favour a fair dealing for parody exception as an expansion of our criticism exception. This is supported by aShow MoreRelatedCopyright Laws And Copyright Law1306 Words   |  6 Pages1422047 Existing Copyright Law Introduction Copyright law is a part of not only music but many other products for example the software that you are reading this document on has more than likely got copyright protection. But for the purpose of this Document the main topic of copyright is going to be based around music. Here is a few facts that may give you a better understanding of copyright as you read... †¢ Copyright Law Came into existence as a spur from a concept from the â€Å"statute of AnneRead MoreCopyright Laws And Its Effects On Copyright1614 Words   |  7 PagesArtists protect their creative works, ideas, and literature by having them copyrighted. Ideally, copyrights protect creative expressions that are personified in a concrete material or fixed form or mediums (Strong 1). Therefore, whenever someone else wants to use some work or art that is created by a different person, they need to seek permission from the owner especially if his or her work is copyrighted. The process of seeking permission to use copyrighted materials is known as licensing. NotablyRead MoreThe Purpose Of Copyright Laws1130 Words   |  5 PagesThe purpose of copyright laws in modern society, as confirmed by Darrell Panethiere (2005) is to protect the creative rights of â€Å"authors, performers, publishers, broadcasters, and many others whose livelihoods depend upon the recognition of right s† (p. 1, par. 1) for their intellectual properties. In the contemporary business world, most companies that sell products of some kind depend on other firms for the design, production, and distribution of the product to make it available for selling. SuchRead MoreEssay The Copyright Law1076 Words   |  5 PagesThe Copyright Law Copyright is the exclusive right given by law for term of years to author, designer etc., or his assignee to print, publish or sell copies of his original work Copyright is a law that protects published and unpublished work that you can see, hear and touch, from being reproduced without prior consent from the creator of the work. Copyright law and copyright Read MoreCopyright Law On The Planet1278 Words   |  6 Pagesâ€Å"Only one thing is impossible for God: To find any sense in any copyright law on the planet† (Mark Twain). The concept of copyright in the United States has a large history. The first form of copyright in the United States stems from Article 1, Section 8, Clause 8 of the U.S. Constitution in the year 1787, where â€Å"Congress shall have power . . . to promote the progress of science and useful arts, by securing for limited times to authors and inventors the exclusive right to their respective writingsRead MoreCopyright Laws Of The United States1600 Words   |  7 PagesA copyright is a form of protection provided by the laws of the United States to authors of original works of authorship. â€Å"Copyright law in the United States is based on the Copyright Act of 1976, a federal statute that went into effect on January 1, 1978,† according to FindLaw. FindLaw also states that, â€Å"Individual states c annot enact their own laws to protect the same rights provided by the Copyright Act. Original multimedia works are protected by Copyright.† Literary, dramatic, musical, artisticRead MoreThe Definition Of Uk Copyright Law1275 Words   |  6 PagesThe enduring fascination for people is that they want law to be flexible in the matter of copyright. This was clearly expressed by Ed Mayo, Chief Executive of Consumer Focus quoting UK copyright law is the oldest, but also the most out of date. Before addressing the question it’s important to look at the history and definition of UK Copyright law. It has grown from this beginning to form the main legal basis for the international publishing industry, which contributes so much to literature, learningRead MoreEssay On Copyright Laws1292 Words   |  6 Pages Copyright laws in regards to music should be repealed. The RIAA has misconstrued the perceived effects staring had on artist development and revenue, when in fact the perceived financial short-comings of downloading and peer-to-peer sharing are actually made up through concert-revenue and merchandise-revenue. It is important to take a look into the perceived effects done by the RIAA. The RIAA claim that file sharing reduces sales, with estimated displacement rates ranging from 3.5% for moviesRead MoreThe Development Ofu.s Copyright Law1328 Words   |  6 PagesThe Development of U.S Copyright Law Simon Cho The history of U.S copyright law came from England. As a matter of fact, copyright was not intended to reward creators but to prevent sedition. As the number of presses grew in late fifteenth century in England, the authorities started to grant control over the publication of books to a group of printers, called the Stationers’ Company in mid-sixteenth century. The Licensing Act of 1662 confirmed that licensed printers have the right to publishRead MoreHistory Of Copyright Law With Indian Context Essay878 Words   |  4 PagesHISTORY OF COPYRIGHT LAW WITH INDIAN CONTEXT: India has one of the oldest academic traditions with formal education finding a place in its ancient history. The universities of Takshila and Nalandaare great centers of learning in the early world, teaming with students and teachers from all parts of the world, not to say about the great Gurukul tradition in the age-old past. However, those are the days when learning was considered as gift of God, freely received and freely given. Over the centuries

Kindred the novel free essay sample

Regina Tyler History 101 November 27,2013 In the novel Kindred Butler confronts us with differences of black and white and past and present. All of the issues in Kindred are derived from issues of black and white. Danas race and literacy is what defines her in the 1800s in Maryland and in 1976 in California. As a reader Im yanked between past and present as well as the characters Dana and Kevin. Dana and her husband are forced to experience slavery in Maryland and their home in California seems far gone. We are all affected by the legacy of slavery in one way or another, whether we know it or not. Whites and blacks are affected by the past and present types of racism. In some way we are all connected to slavery and Dana finds that out when she is taken back to the 1800s. The past stereotypes of blacks in the 1800s are still imbedded in our thoughts a hundred years later. We will write a custom essay sample on Kindred the novel or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Race was a key motif in the novel, which was expected since the novel is about slavery. Dana was married toa white man named Kevin in 1976 then pulled into the 1800s where a black woman marrying a black man was unheard of. Danas intelligence made her experience in the 1800s different from other slaves. They couldnt understand how she was so intelligent since blacks were seen as inhumane and unintelligent. Race is what links Dana to the other slaves although they wanted to let her know that she was no different from them. Carrie rubbed Danas face to show her know that her skin color does not come off. The slaves on the Weylin plantation saw Dana as the house-nigger, handkerchief-head, and the female Uncle Tom. Her intellect and connection with Rufus is what made her seem as such. She was looked at as the house-nigger because she worked in the house cleaning and eaching Rufus and never on the field. Handkerchief-head is what the slaves called her because they didnt feel like she identified with them, but only identified with whites. The slaves didnt know her reason for being so close with the masters son or why she was so educated but what they did know was that she represented all those stereotypes. As a young boy Rufus was very powerless and compassionate. Even though he felt like his skin made him superior to blacks he still had friendships with black children Alice and Nigel. Upon the second meeting between Dana and Rufus which was the ire Dana tries to get Rufus to not see a difference between blacks and whites and to respect blacks the way he wanted them to respect him. Dana also learns that she is related to Rufus the second time they met. As Rufus gets older her inherits to role as a slave owner and his need for power takes over. With power comes the need for more power so he turns on his friends and abuses Alice and treats Nigel as an interior. Rutus tried to prove his power over Dana by conning ner to give up ner pen, write letters that he would never mail, and even burning her map. Slaves power was based on types of labor. Dana had little power despite the fact that she was a house- nigger and an educated black. House servants had far more power than the field workers. Rufus sent Dana to the field where she was whipped to prove a point. Intellect or the type of labor she did still couldnt stop her from being beat. Black and white women were inferior to all white men in the 1800s. In 1976 Dana faces issues with race and slavery before she was ever brought back to the past of the 1800s. In Danas time she worked but it was like slavery because of the low paying no benefits Job also known as wage slavery. Some people never escape wage slavery but since Dana was literate and determined she was able to rise above it by writing stories. Just as in the 1800s being literate is what gave her a better life on the plantation because the Weylins recognized that she was educated and different from all the other blacks theyVe came across. Dana was punished for teaching the slaves how to read but it was okay for her to teach Rufus how to read as well as his children so they can have better lives. When Dana decided to marry Kevin who was a white man they both experienced racial prejudice from their own family. Kevin thought his sister would accept him marrying a black woman but to his surprise she did not approve. His sister says That she didnt want to meet you, wouldnt have you in her house-or me either if I married you. (Butler 110) Dana knew her aunt and uncle werent too fond of white people. Her aunt didnt like whites but she preferred light skinned blacks l think my aunt accepts the idea of marrying you because any children we have will be light. (Butler 1 1 1) The stereotype that light skinned blacks are less inferior to dark skinned blacks presents itself again. Just as in the 1800s in Maryland the lighter blacks were the house-niggers while the darker blacks worked the field. Danas aunt felt as if the children would have more opportunities because they would be light. Despite how others felt about their relationship they still decided to get married. The past and present affected both Kevin and Dana, even though Kevin was white he still came across difficulties coping with the harsh ways of slavery. And if I felt that way after spending only short periods in the past, what must Kevin be feeling after five years. His white skin aved him from much trouble I had faced, but still, he couldnt have had an easy time. (Butler 191) While Dana experienced what it was like to be a slave, Kevin saw what slaves had to go through to survive. Kevin saw things that Dana havent seen during the slavery period. Dana and Kevin endured brutalities of slave life yet they still felt like observers rather than participants because they struggled with accepting what wasnt normal for them. This womans master strung her up by her wrist and beat her until the baby came out of her- dropped onto the ground. (Butler 191) . There were slave masters far more worse than Tom Weylin When Kevin came back to California after five years he took a while to adjust to modern life. l feel like this is another stopover. Home didnt feel like home to him, he never got time to settle in his new apartment because he was only there for two days and he traveled so many places for so long that his home was never home. The Television and typewriter seemed all so new to him, everything was different and modern. Dana didnt feel like ner nome in Calitornia was really nome either. l nad been nome to 1 adnt felt that homelike. (Butler 191) Her home in Maryland has really become her present which made her California home seem like the past. The dichotomies of past and present in Kindred were artificial to the reader but not the characters Dana and Kevin. They were artificial because people dont Just Jump from past to present the way Dana did, theyre gradually put into that different era. Its impossible to live in both of those time eras because of the huge time difference. We might hear stories from our ancestors about the past but are never able to go back and live it ourselves. For Dana the experience from the past was useful because it helped her find out about her ancestors and also because she was able to see for herself the awful ways of slavery. She underestimated the intensity of slavery because she never lived in that time. The difference between black and white and past and present played a major part of Danas life. Dana losing her arm as she emerges for the last time from the past was very significant. Slaves suffered physical and emotional abuse because of their slave owners. Losing her arm shows that blacks in 1979 are removed from slavery but they till carry the hurt within them.